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在过去的30年里,中国极其成功地实现了向市场经济的转轨,然而,政府也面临着艰巨的挑战。建立一个有效率和可信赖的政府,改进公共部门的表现乃是中国在21世纪实现顺利发展的关键组成部分。本文集中对中国公共部门改革的前景进行分析,强调指出现有的、薄弱的治理能力、监管失败及不平等扩大等问题,其根源可以追溯到政府在1980-1990年代的退缩,以及采取渐进式的改革道路。特别是,权力的移交和监督的放松导致政府机构和事业单位的激励机制出现了严重扭曲。政府目前推动经济和社会变革的能力在如下几方面受到了限制:(1)地区之间在经济发展和人力资本方面的巨大差异;(2)被破坏的政府间财政体制难以保证全国性的政策实施;(3)问责机制由于长时期的财政资源匮乏而被严重削弱,不能使地方政府和事业单位对最终结果承担责任;(4)信息收集系统非常薄弱;(5)官僚机构的膨胀、授权的分散使得政策和资源的传递过于复杂,难以获得保证。最主要的一点是,在各类行政机构中,创收动机主导了政策制定,使政府裹足不前。
In the past 30 years, China has achieved extremely successful transition to a market economy. However, the government is also facing arduous challenges. Establishing an efficient and trustworthy government and improving the performance of the public sector are all key components of China’s smooth development in the 21st century. This article focuses on the analysis of the prospects for the reform of public sector in China, emphasizing that the existing and weak governance capacity, regulatory failure and inequality expansion can be traced back to the government’s withdrawal from the 1980-1990s and the adoption of a gradual Reform path. In particular, the transfer of powers and the loosening of supervision have led to serious distortions in the incentives of government agencies and public institutions. The government’s current capacity to promote economic and social change is limited in the following ways: (1) huge disparities in economic development and human capital among regions; (2) the deteriorated intergovernmental fiscal system can not guarantee a national policy (3) the accountability mechanism has been severely weakened due to lack of financial resources for a long time, and local governments and institutions can not be held responsible for the final result; (4) the information collection system is very weak; (5) the bureaucratic expansion, The decentralization of authority has made the delivery of policies and resources too complicated to secure. The main point is that in all kinds of administrative bodies, the incentive to generate revenue dominates the formulation of policies and keeps the government from turning a blind foot.