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文章通过分析古今专书训诂考据对原文语句及前人注释语法分析的考释,说明古汉语语法有四大特点:动词成分句多零句,名词、动词和形容词的指称、陈述表达功能转化自由,句法结构基本语义关系多隐含,语法句式动态的历时变化。文章进一步说明,了解、明确这四个特点对读古书以及古书译注有实际功效,这四个特点应该是古汉语语法教学“语法专题”设置的优选点。
By analyzing the textual research on the ancient Chinese textbooks and the grammar analysis of the previous annotations, the article shows that the ancient Chinese grammar has four major features: verbal composition of sentences, nouns, verbs and adjectives, freedom of expression, Syntactic structure of the basic semantic relations and more implicit, grammatical syntax dynamic diachronic changes. The article further illustrates that understanding and clarifying these four characteristics have practical effects on reading ancient books and ancient books, and these four characteristics should be the preferred points for setting grammar teaching and grammar teaching in ancient Chinese.