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目的通过对甘宁黄土高原阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地所获蚤类进行整理,为鼠疫防治提供蚤类流行病学信息。方法应用流行病学描述研究方法,按《中国动物志.昆虫纲.蚤目》对该疫源地内蚤类组成系统整理并进行综合分析。结果在阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地内共发现蚤类62种(亚种),隶属7科26属;根据行政区划在各县(区)疫源地内广泛分布的蚤有6种(亚种),各行政区间特有蚤种为海原县4种,西吉县1种,平川区3种,会宁县15种。结论方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种最常见,数量稳定,检菌率高,无论在鼠体、洞口洞干、窝巢中均占优势,是该疫源地主要宿主阿拉善黄鼠的主要传播媒介,该蚤还在其它鼠类和鸟类体表寄生;特别是鸟类寄生蚤的交换,在传播鼠疫中有着极其重要意义,是研究鼠疫动物流行病学值得探讨的问题。
Objective To classify fleas collected from the plague foci of Alashan giganticum in the Gansu Loess Plateau to provide epidemiological information on fleas for the prevention and control of plague. Methods According to the method of epidemiological description, the composition of the fleas in the foci was systematically analyzed and analyzed according to “Chinese zoologists, insect classes and fleas”. Results A total of 62 species (subspecies) of fleas were found in the plague foci of Alashan, belonging to 7 families and 26 genera. There were 6 species (subspecies) of fleas widely distributed in all counties (districts) The flea species in each administrative region were 4 species of Haiyuan County, 1 species of Xiji County, 3 species of Hirakawa Prefecture and 15 species of Huining County. Conclusions The Mongolian subspecies squarium is the most common, stable in number and high in detection rate. It is dominant in both mouse body, cave-hole and nest-nest, and is the main transmission medium of Alashan shrew The fleas are also parasitic on the surface of other rodents and birds. In particular, the exchange of parasitic fleas by birds is of great significance in the spread of plague and is a worthwhile study on the epidemiology of plague animals.