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本文对青花菜(Brassica oleracea var.italica)的花球花芽分化与发育进行解剖学研究.在解剖显微镜下解剖研究的基础上,应用扫描电子显微镜观察摄影,将青花菜的花序分化发育形成花球的过程分为7期.其分化发育规律是:侧花茎原基的分化级数由外而内地逐渐减少,最外最先分化的侧花茎原基先发育,第2～3级分化后,便分化花原基、分化至第4级的为数不多,个别分化至第5级.往内仅有第2级甚或第1级侧花茎原基的分化,便分化花原基.最后主花茎端直接分化花原基,陆续发育成花雷体.整列复总状花序最后形成的花球,是由短缩、肉质的主花茎与一定数量的分球组成产品器官.每分球则由短缩、肉质的第1级侧花茎及其上各级侧花茎和花雷群发育而成.决定花球大小和重量的主要形态解剖指标是——分球数目和分球中侧花茎的分化级数及其上具多级侧花茎的数目及其发育程度.尤其是较大分球的数目,更是指标中的重要标志,只有在这些分球及其侧花茎获得充分发育的基础上,才能发挥其潜在势能的良好效应.为青花菜的高产、优质奠定基础.本研究为青花菜栽培及选育种制定相应的技术措施,提供解剖学的依据.
In this paper, the flower bud differentiation and development of Brassica oleracea var.italica were studied anatomically.According to the anatomical study under the dissecting microscope, the photosynthesis was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the inflorescences of broccoli were differentiated and developed into flower bulbs Of the process is divided into 7. Its differentiation and development of the law is: lateral stems of the original differentiation of the number of gradual decrease from the outside, the first differentiation of the outermost lateral flowering stem primordia developed after the first 2 to 3 differentiation, then Differentiation of flower primordium, differentiation to the fourth grade of the few, individual differentiation to the level 5. In only the first two or even side of the primordium of the first side of the differentiation, then the differentiation of flower primordia. Direct differentiation of the flower primordium, one after another into a flower Lei. The whole complex raceme-like flower ball, is composed of the shortened, fleshy main stem and a certain number of ball composition of the product organs. , The fleshy level 1 side of the stems and its upper levels of the lateral stems and flower Lei group development from the ball shape and weight of the main morphological anatomical indicators are - the number of points and ball sub-lateral flowering stems of the differentiation level And its multilevel side of the number of stems and their developmental process In particular, the number of larger ball points is an important indicator in the index, which can only exert the good effect of its potential potential, provided that these ball points and their lateral stems have been fully developed. Basis for the development and breeding of broccoli in this study to develop appropriate technical measures to provide an anatomical basis.