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目的了解“5.12”汶川大地震后灾区中学生在1 a内的心理健康状况变化情况,为制定心理危机干预策略与措施提供科学依据。方法通过整群抽样,选取震后迁至成都的汶川县境内3所中学的共1 966名中学生,分别于震后4个月、6个月、9个月和12个月使用SCL-90自评量表进行心理健康测评。共累计有效调查7 240人,4次随访率分别为98.11%,76.86%和93.88%。结果各次调查的SCL-90的平均总分都高于全国青年组常模(P<0.05),9个因子的平均得分也高于全国常模(P<0.05),但随时间推移调查对象的心理健康异常率和SCL-90平均得分逐渐降低;各个因子中,焦虑症状恢复最快,躯体化症状最慢;不同人口学特征的人群中,女生的心理健康状况恢复情况优于男生,受伤者情况好于未受伤者,藏族学生的心理恢复情况好于羌族和汉族学生,不同年级的中学生恢复情况不同。结论灾区中学生心理健康随时间而逐渐恢复,不同人口学特征的中学生恢复情况有别。
Objective To understand the changes of mental health status of middle school students in the disaster area within 1 year after Wenchuan Earthquake, providing a scientific basis for formulating strategies and measures for psychological crisis intervention. Methods A total of 1 966 secondary school students from 3 secondary schools relocated to Chengdu after the earthquake were selected by cluster sampling. SCL-90 was used at 4 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after the earthquake Assessment scale for mental health assessment. A total of 7 240 valid surveys were conducted, with 4 follow-up rates of 98.11%, 76.86% and 93.88% respectively. Results The average scores of SCL-90 in all surveys were all higher than those in national youth group (P <0.05), and the average scores of 9 factors were also higher than those in national norm (P <0.05). However, with the passage of time, Mental health abnormality rate and SCL-90 average score decreased gradually. Among all the factors, anxiety symptoms recovered most quickly and somatization symptoms were the slowest. Among the population with different demographic characteristics, the recovery of mental health of girls was better than that of boys and injured The situation is better than the unwounded, the psychological recovery of Tibetan students is better than the Qiang and Han students, different grades of secondary school students recover differently. Conclusion The mental health of middle school students in disaster-stricken areas gradually recovered over time, and the recovery of secondary school students with different demographic characteristics was different.