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目的 调查新疆和布克赛尔蒙古自治县(简称和丰县)棘球蚴病感染流行现状并进行相关危险因素分析.方法 2013年,在和丰县5个乡(牧场),采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取532人进行一般情况调查、B超肝脏扫描及血清学抗体检查;剖检38只犬;另入户收集126份犬粪样本.采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测粪抗原,同时对犬主人进行问卷调查.采用SAS JMP软件进行数据统计分析,并进行多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 人群棘球蚴病检出率为4.70％(25/532),其中细粒和多房棘球蚴病检出率分别为4.32％(23/532)和0.38％(2/532).血清总阳性率为25.46％(125/491),其中41 ～ 65岁人群阳性率(30.70％,66/215)高于0～17岁人群(8.33％,5/60,P＜0.05);女性阳性率(30.19％,93/308)高于男性(17.48％,32/183,P＜0.05);蒙古族阳性率(29.08％,107/368)高于汉族(13.79％,4/29,P＜0.05);牧民阳性率(32.77％,58/177)高于学生(4.17％,2/48,P＜0.05);那仁和布克牧场阳性率(36.96％,61/165)高于巴音敖瓦乡(7.69％,6/78,P＜ 0.05).剖检的38只犬中,有16只感染棘球绦虫.犬粪抗原阳性率为39.68％(50/126),其中那仁和布克牧场阳性率(48.78％,20/41)与查和特乡(20.00％,4/20)比较有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).问卷调查显示,126只犬总体平均驱虫率只有49.20％(62/126).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、地区、职业是人群棘球蚴病的影响因素.结论 新疆和丰县人群棘球蚴病检出率和血清阳性率较高;性别、地区、职业可能是人群棘球蚴病主要的危险因素.“,”Objective To analyzed the current situation of Echinococcus granulosus infection and risk factors of human cycstic echinococcosis in Hoboksar Mongolian Autonomous County of Xinjiang in 2013.Methods By using a cluster random sampling method,532 inhabitants from 5 communes (pastures) of Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County,were screened by questionnaire,abdominal ultrasonic scan and serological test.Thirty-eight dogs were checked by autopsy and other 126 feces samples were collected and tested with Enzymes linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The prevalence of human echinococcosis was 4.70％ (25/532),including 4.32％ (23/532) cystic echinococcosis (CE) and 0.38％ (2/532) alveolar echinococcosis (AE).Seropositivity rate was 25.46％ (125/491).Seropositivity rate in 41-65 years old inhabitants (30.70％,66/215) was higher than that of 0-17 years old inhabitants (8.33％,5/60,P ＜ 0.05); female (30.19％,93/308) was higher than male (17.03％,32/183,P ＜ 0.05); Mongolian (29.08％,107/368) was higher than Han (13.79％,4/29,P ＜ 0.05); Narenhebuke (36.09％,61/165) was higher than Bayinaowa (7.69％,6/78,P ＜ 0.05); and herdsmen (32.77％,58/177) was higher than students (4.17％,2/48,P ＜ 0.05).Of the 38 dogs necropsied,16 dogs were confirmed with Echinococcus spp infection under microscope.ELISA positive rate was 39.68％ (50/126); ELISA positive rate in Narenhebuke 48.78％,20/41) was higher than Chahete (20.00％,4/20),but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The overall average deworming rate of dogs was only 49.20％ (62/126).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that regions,occupations and genders were risk factors of human cycstic echinococcosis.Conclusions Our results have showed that the prevalence and seropositivity of echinococcosis are at high levels.The current study has showed that the main risk factors may be regions,occupations and genders.