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目的研究天津市医院医护人员鼻腔带菌状况及分子流行病学特征,为建立天津市医院感染预警机制提供基础数据。方法通过标本采集与细菌分离鉴定方法和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析技术,对天津市医疗机构重点科室医务人员进行了调查。结果从天津市部分医疗机构采集915份医务人员鼻腔标本,检出革兰阴性杆菌332株,肺炎克雷伯菌和产气肠杆菌分居前2位。经PFGE方法分析证明,所分离的革兰阴性菌不具备同源性。医务人员鼻腔携带的革兰阴性菌总体耐药率为39.46%。结论天津市医院重点部位医务人员鼻腔革兰阴性菌携带率及其耐药率均比较高,应采取有效防控措施降低医务人员自身细菌携带率。
Objective To study nasal carriage status and molecular epidemiological characteristics of hospital staff in Tianjin and to provide basic data for establishing the early warning mechanism of nosocomial infection in Tianjin. Methods Through the methods of specimen collection, bacterial separation and identification and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, the medical staffs in key medical departments of Tianjin Medical Institution were investigated. Results The nasal specimens from 915 medical staffs were collected from some medical institutions in Tianjin City. 332 strains of gram-negative bacilli, 2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 2 strains of Enterobacter aerogenes were detected. PFGE analysis proved that the isolated gram-negative bacteria do not have homology. The overall resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria carried by medical staff nasal cavity was 39.46%. Conclusion The prevalence rate and rate of gram-negative bacteria in nasal cavity of medical staff in key hospitals of Tianjin Hospital are relatively high. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the bacterial carrier rate of medical staff.