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目的:了解义乌市5岁以下儿童的死亡动态变化、死亡率及死亡病因,为制定有效的干预措施提供参考。方法:对义乌市2006～2011年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行汇总分析,列出各年龄段儿童死亡率、及主要死亡原因,并进行相关分析。结果:统计义乌市2006～2011年5岁以下儿童死亡情况显示,六年中共出生43049名新生儿,死亡307例,死亡率为7.13‰;其中新生儿死亡126例,占41.04%;1-4岁以下儿童死亡94例,占30.62%。从死亡率显示,至2006年开始,新生儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势,主要的死亡原因是溺水死亡46例,占14.98%,其次是先天性心脏病42例,占13.68%,其排列顺位依次是溺水、先天性心脏病、早产低出生体重、其它先天异常、意外窒息、出生窒息,307例儿童死亡地点分别为医院196例,占63.84%,家中64例,占20.85%,途中47例,占15.31%;治疗情况分别为住院死亡164例,占53.42%,门诊死亡111例,占36.16%,未经治疗死亡32例,死亡率为10.42%。结论:加强孕期健康教育,做好产前筛查及产前检查,产后定期随访,对婴儿科学喂养进行指导可以降低婴儿死亡率,同时加强儿童的安全监护,防止意外事故是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的重点。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the dynamic changes of death, mortality and causes of death in children under 5 years old in Yiwu City, and provide references for the formulation of effective interventions. Methods: The data of death monitoring of children under 5 years of age from 2006 to 2011 in Yiwu City were collected and analyzed. The mortality rate and the main causes of death in all age groups were listed and analyzed. Results: The statistics on the deaths of children under 5 years of age from 2006 to 2011 in Yiwu City showed that 43049 newborns were born in 307 and the death rate was 7.13 ‰. Among them, 126 cases were newborns (41.04%), 1-4 94 cases of children died of age, accounting for 30.62%. Mortality shows that the mortality rate of newborns and children under 5 showed a decreasing trend year by year. The main causes of death were drowning deaths in 46 cases (14.98%), followed by congenital heart disease (42 cases, accounting for 13.68% , Followed by drowning, congenital heart disease, low birth weight preterm birth, other congenital anomalies, accidental suffocation, birth asphyxia, 307 cases of child death were hospital 196 cases, accounting for 63.84%, 64 cases of home, accounting for 20.85 %. There were 47 cases on the way, accounting for 15.31%. The treatment was 164 hospitalized cases (53.42%), 111 outpatient cases (36.16%) and 32 untreated cases (10.42%). CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening health education during pregnancy, conducting prenatal screening and prenatal screening, regular postnatal follow-up, and guidance on infant scientific feeding can reduce infant mortality and enhance child safety monitoring to prevent accidents from decreasing in children under 5 years of age The focus of mortality.