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目的了解广东地区制造业一线劳工的心理健康状况,为改善一线劳工心理健康状况提出对策建议。方法随机取样,采用自编问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对广东地区3家典型制造业企业105例一线劳工的心理健康状况进行调查。结果所调查劳工SCL-90样本值各因子分及总分除了F1(躯体化),其余多数显著高于国内成人样本或常模(t=2.214,4.415,4.113,4.113,3.957,3.340,4.716,5.428,4.409;P<0.001);不同性别劳工在F3(人际关系)、F5(焦虑)等5个因子上差异显著(F=5.288,4.509,4.726,6.702,7.309,10.713;P<0.05);不同制造业劳工在F6(敌对)和F10(其他)因子上差异显著(F=3.287,3.433;P<0.05)。结论一线劳工的心理健康状况堪忧,主要原因在于企业工作环境、工作强度、工作待遇、管理方式等带来的工作压力和经济压力,同时与和劳工自身的心理调节方式等主体因素有关。
Objective To understand the mental health status of the first-line workers in manufacturing industry in Guangdong and to put forward countermeasures and suggestions for improving the mental health status of the frontline workers. Methods A total of 105 first-line workers in three typical manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were surveyed by self-compiled questionnaires and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results The scores of SCL-90 of the surveyed workers were significantly lower than those of the domestic adult samples or norm (t = 2.214,4.415,4.113,4.113,3.957,3.340,4.716, 5.428,4.409; P <0.001). There were significant differences in five factors (F = 5.288,4.509,4.726,6.702,7.309,10.713; P <0.05) among different sex workers in F3 (interpersonal relationship) and F5 (anxiety) Different manufacturing workers differed significantly in F6 (hostile) and F10 (other) factors (F = 3.287, 3.433; P <0.05). Conclusions The mental health status of front line workers is worrying mainly due to the working pressure and economic pressure brought by the working environment, work intensity, working treatment and management style of the first line workers, at the same time, it is also related to the main factors such as the psychological adjustment mode of the workers themselves.