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在儿童的发展和教育的问题上,历来就有“内发论”与“外铄论”两种观点。内发论者主要持一种自然主义的儿童观和教育观,认为儿童的发展是自然生长的结果,其发展历程是自然早已预先设定的,教育的作用在于为儿童的自然发展提供必要的条件,就像园丁为植物的生长提供充足的水分和养分一样。外铄论者则主张环境和教育的作用是儿童发展的决定性因素,如洛克的“白板说”就把儿童看作是一块白板,教育者可以在白板上随意描绘,使儿童发展成教育者想要塑造的样子。我们可以看到,无论是内发论
On the issue of children’s development and education, there have always been two views of “internal development” and “external theory.” The internalist mainly holds a naturalist view of children and education, believing that children’s development is the result of natural growth. The course of its development is that nature has long been pre-set. The role of education is to provide children with the necessary natural development Conditions, just as gardeners provide enough water and nutrients for the growth of plants. Exocentrics argue that the role of environment and education is a decisive factor in children’s development. For example, Locke’s Whiteboard Theory treats children as a whiteboard, and educators can paint freely on whiteboards to make children develop into educators To shape the way. We can see that both the internal theory