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城市房屋拆迁法律制度的内在缺陷而导致的对公民私有财产权利的严重侵犯暴露了目前中国法治发展程度的落后以及人权保障机制的缺失。城市房屋拆迁制度的不合理性在形式上表现为法律关系的被扭曲,而其背后的根源就在于“国家 -社会公共利益”概念在中国长时期的异化。城市房屋拆迁法律制度的改进应当包括限制规划权力的滥用,收窄强制拆迁的范围,保障公民的程序权利以及完善司法监督机制等。制度改进措施要真正发挥实效还有赖于整个国家“法治”的演进,即保证行政权力和国家最高统治权受到系统制约以及独立司法体系的构建。在现实的各种因素综合下,城市房屋拆迁制度领域的公民财产权保护将会成为未来中国公民人权争取事业的一个突破口。
The serious violation of the private property rights of citizens caused by the inherent defects of the urban housing demolition legal system reveals the current underdevelopment of the rule of law in China and the absence of a human rights guarantee mechanism. The unreasonableness of the system of urban house demolition is distorted in the form of legal relations, and the root of which lies in the long-term alienation of the concept of “state-public interest” in China. The improvement of the legal system of urban house demolition should include the restriction of the abuse of planning power, the narrowing of the scope of compulsory demolition, the protection of procedural rights of citizens and the improvement of judicial supervision mechanism. Institutional improvement measures to really play its effectiveness also depends on the evolution of the entire country “rule of law ”, that is, to ensure that the executive power and the supreme ruling power of the country are systematically restricted and the construction of an independent judiciary. Under the combination of various real factors, the protection of citizens’ property rights in the field of urban house demolition and relocation will become a breakthrough point for the future cause of human rights for Chinese citizens.