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正义观念与政治制度的稳定性是罗尔斯政治哲学的重要关切。罗尔斯的稳定性论证包括两个方面:一是诉诸受人类普遍的道德心理学法则——以德报德的社会本性体现的互惠性法则——支持的正义感;二是诉诸正义与善的契合性而达到对政治正义的理性接受。就后者而言,罗尔斯先是把康德式的自律观念作为理性接受的唯一理由;而后考虑到理性多元论的事实,又把康德式的自律观念看成是公民接受政治正义观念的理由之一,也即重叠共识的一部分。重叠共识体现的是公民以不同的方式把政治正义观念与各自的善观念统一起来,也就是说,公民接受政治正义的理由是不同的。罗尔斯的稳定性观念是基于正当理由的稳定性,因此与政治正当性以及公共正当性证明概念密切相关。
The concept of justice and the stability of the political system are important concerns of Rawls’s political philosophy. Rawls’s stability argument includes two aspects: one is to resort to the universal moral moral laws of mankind - the reciprocal law embodied in the social nature of virtue and morality - the sense of justice supported; the second is to resort to justice And the good fit to achieve the rational acceptance of political justice. For the latter, Rawls firstly regarded the concept of Kant’s self-discipline as the only reason accepted by rationality. Then, taking into account the fact of rational pluralism, he also considered Kant’s concept of self-discipline as one of the reasons why citizens accepted the notion of political justice , That is part of overlapping consensus. The overlapping consensus shows that citizens unify the notions of political justice and their good ideas in different ways, that is, the reasons citizens accept political justice are different. Rawls’s concept of stability is based on the justification of stability and therefore closely related to the concepts of political legitimacy and public justification.