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目的:探讨乌鲁木齐市水区城市常住与流动儿童在入学能力上的差别及影响因素。方法:2011年1月～2012年初选择乌鲁木齐市水区4所幼儿园大班准备入学6.5～7岁的儿童,其中城市常住男孩57名,女孩52名,流动儿童男46名,女50名,采用“入学前50项筛查”工具,对205名儿童进行一对一测试,自拟的调查问卷由父母亲自填写。结果:城市常住儿童在入学能力的分项测验异常率明显低,在智能等级上也高于流动儿童;母亲的受教育程度、家庭月收入、父母职业、父母有无阅读习惯、儿童拥有的读物、玩具均是影响儿童入学能力的主要因素。结论:了解学龄前儿童智力发展情况,确定早期智力开发的必要性,流动儿童的教育资源、入学状况堪忧,应给予更多关注,为他们提供可行、有效的保健策略。
Objective: To explore the difference and influence factors of enrollment ability of resident and migrant children in Urumchi urban water area. Methods: From January 2011 to the beginning of 2012, four kindergartens in Urumqi water area were selected for enrollment of children aged 6.5-7 years, of which 57 were urban boys and 52 girls, 46 were male and 50 were female, The “Top 50 Screenings” tool, one-on-one test for 205 children, self-prepared questionnaire filled out by parents. Results: The abnormal rate of sub-test in admission ability of urban resident children was significantly lower than that of migrant children in the level of intelligence; the level of education of maternal, family monthly income, parents ’occupation, parents’ reading habits, children’s readings , Toys are the main factors affecting children’s ability to enter school. Conclusion: Understanding the development of preschoolers’ intelligence, identifying the necessity of early intelligence development, the educational resources of migrant children and the admissions situation are worrying. More attention should be given to them to provide feasible and effective health care strategies.