论文部分内容阅读
水稻是六十多种病原微生物和一百多种害虫的寄主。其中国际上重要的有五病(稻瘟病、纹枯病、细菌性叶枯病、通戈罗病和草状矮缩病)五虫(稻褐飞虱、黑尾叶蝉、白背飞虱、稻瘿蚊及稻螟)。品种抗性是稻作保护上最为经济而又合理的办法。国际水稻研究所(以下简称IRRI)保存有一大批对主要病虫害有抗性的、经过筛选的水稻种质。对大多数主要病害和害虫的抗源已经确认,並且已转育成新型品种。用综合若干个对于某一、两种病虫害具有特定抗性的优良品系,来培育能抗多至四病五虫的优良种质,已取得了进展。这些多抗性品系已被命名为正式品种,並在许多国家中广为种植。对于多抗性种质的育种方法和程序已开展了讨论。
Rice is the host of more than 60 kinds of pathogenic microorganisms and more than 100 kinds of pests. Among them, five internationally important pests (rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, Tongariro disease and grass-like dwarf disease), five of which are internationally important (rice brown planthopper, rice planthopper, whitebacked planthopper, Gall mosquito and rice borer). Variety resistance is the most economical and reasonable way to protect rice. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) holds a large number of selected rice germplasms that are resistant to major pests and diseases. The resistance to most major diseases and pests has been confirmed and has been transformed into new varieties. Advances have been made in breeding elite germplasm resistant to as many as four disease pests by combining several elite lines that have particular resistance to one or both pests. These multi-resistance lines have been named official cultivars and are widely grown in many countries. Discussion has been made on breeding methods and procedures for multi-resistant germplasm.