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观察,指事先已有明确的目的,制定了计划,人们按照计划进行的主动知觉。观察的能力是指人们对客观事物的知觉过程所取得的效果的评定,简称观察力。 学生进入中学后,几乎每门学科都要求他们有良好的观察力,作为教师,应该根据这一情况,指导学生学会观察,提高他们的观察水平。 一、提出明确的观察任务 向学生提出明确的观察任务是发展学生观察力的首要条件,因为观察区别于一般的知觉活动,主要在于观察是一种有目的的知觉形成。只有具有明确的目的性,才能提高学生观察的主动精神,增强知觉的选择性,从所要观察的事物和现象中,主动地选择自己所要认识的对象,
Observing means that there has been a clear purpose in advance and a plan has been formulated for people to actively perceive as planned. The ability to observe refers to the assessment of the effect of people’s perception of objective things, or short-term observation. After entering middle school, students are required to have good observation skills in almost every subject. As teachers, they should guide students to observe and improve their observation level. I. Making Clear Observation Tasks Providing clear observation tasks to students is the primary condition for developing students’ observational power, because observation differs from general perception activities, mainly because observation is a purposeful form of perception. Only by having a clear purpose can students’ initiative to improve their observation, enhance the selectivity of perception, and actively select the objects they want to know from the things and phenomena to be observed.