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学分制是一种以学分为计量单位衡量学生学业完成情况的教学管理制度,它来源于选课制。“选课自由”的思想最早出现在德国,发展和完善于美国。选课制在美国最先确立和实施于大学。中学实行选课制和学分制也起源于美国而非欧洲。这是因为自19世纪以来,欧洲在普及义务教育的过程中,已基本上形成了比较完善的双轨制格局,不同学校的课程设置都有明确的目标,学生毕业后的动向基本是明确的,对于选修课的需求并不突出。美国很早就实行单轨制,中等教育必须为不同出路的毕业生作不同的准备, 因此在同一学校中设置不同的课程供学生选修。
The credit system is a kind of teaching management system which measures the completion of the students’ learning by unit of credit. It comes from the system of course selection. The idea of “freedom of course selection” first appeared in Germany, developed and perfected in the United States. Elective system in the United States first established and implemented in the university. The implementation of course selection and credit system in secondary schools also originated in the United States rather than Europe. This is because in the process of popularizing compulsory education in Europe since the 19th century, a fairly complete dual track system has basically been formed. Different schools have definite goals for curriculums. The trend of students after graduation is basically clear. The demand for electives is not outstanding. The United States practiced monorail very early. Secondary education must prepare graduates for different approaches. Therefore, different courses should be set up in the same school for students to take elective courses.