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1560-1640年是英国近代社会转型时期,其间,英国财政状况发生着明显的变化。一是国家亦或王室财政状况的变化,二是贵族和官员个人的收支状况的变化。从都铎王朝建立以来,由于中央权力的加强,行政机构不断扩大,加上“价格革命”的影响,王室财政入不敷出,到斯图亚特早期,出现了严重的财政危机;另一方面,贵族和高级官员奢侈之风不减,价格飞速上扬,收入相对减少。王室政府在没有能力直接提高贵族官员的收入的情况下,以转让部分王室特权的方式,对贵族和官员进行补贴。这种财政状况与财政政策与其它因素相结合造成了这一时期英国贵族官员腐败之风盛行。
1560-1640 is a period of social transformation in modern England. In the meantime, the financial situation in Great Britain has undergone obvious changes. First, the state or the royal family’s financial status changes, the second is the aristocratic and official personal income and expenditure changes. Since the establishment of the Tudor dynasty, due to the strengthening of the Central Government, the continuous expansion of the administrative institutions and the impact of the “price revolution”, the royal finance failed to make ends meet. By the early Stuttgart, there was a serious financial crisis; on the other hand, And senior officials diminished the style of luxury, prices rose rapidly, the relative decline in income. The royal government subsidized the aristocrats and officials in the form of transferring part of the royal privilege without the ability to directly raise the income of aristocratic officials. This combination of fiscal status and fiscal policy with other factors contributed to the prevalence of corruption among English aristocrats during this period.