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我国明清之际杰出的文艺理论家金圣叹,在评点《水浒传》和《西厢记》时,对文学的典型理论的几个重要方面作了完整而又深刻的论述,可以毫不夸张地说,金圣叹的典型论是中国典型理论的成熟。特别是他注重从心理学这个角度来进行探讨,我们认为这是他的典型理论建树的核心。本文试图从金圣叹的性格记来探讨他的文艺心理学思想,并力图运用现代心理学思想加以剖析。这不仅有助予进一步认识金圣叹的典型观,而且对建构具有中国民族特色的文艺心理学以及小说美学都是十分有益的。
Jin Shengtan, an outstanding literary and theorist in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, made a complete and profound exposition on several important aspects of the typical theory of literature when he commented on Water Margin and The Romance of the West Chamber. It is no exaggeration to say that, The typical theory of Jin Shengtan is the maturity of the typical theory in China. In particular, he pays much attention to discussing psychology, which we think is the core of his typical theory. This article attempts to discuss his psychology thoughts of literature and art from Jin Shengtan’s character book, and attempts to use the modern psychology thought to analyze. This not only helps to further understand the typical view of Jin Shengtan, but also is very beneficial to the construction of literary psychology with Chinese national characteristics and the aesthetics of novels.