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20世纪前期,传统文学观念作为一种文化背景,介入了对外来的马克思主义文学理论的选择、解释甚至改造的过程.革命文学争论中太阳社、创造社理论家的观点受到普遍质疑,而鲁迅等人的观点却能够被较多人接受,一个很重要的原因是,前者关于文学本质的一元论的主张,在对待世界观与创作方法的关系、新旧现实主义关系等问题上直线式的思维,过于绝对化的结论,与中国固有的思想传统与文学观念距离太远,而后者相对辩证折中的观点则更符合中国传统的思维习惯与价值立场.马克思、恩格斯文艺通信中表达的现实主义观点在中国得到比较广泛认可,除了与马克思、恩格斯革命导师的身份有关外,还与现实主义文学精神与中国文学的史传传统有相通之处有关.然而,二者之间也存在一些差异:前者关注历史知识的客观性,后者则关注创作主体的表达是否真诚.这种差异,决定了原汁原味的现实主义文论,在被中国的理论家们接受与阐释的过程中,会或多或少地发生变异.这种变异的一个最直接的理论成果,就是产生了胡风的以强调主观战斗精神为特征的现实主义文学观.“,”As a cultural background,Chinese traditional literature has influenced the selection,explanation and reconstruction of Marxist Literature Theory by Chinese scholars.The viewpoints of the theorists from literary societies like Tai Yang She and Chuang Zao She have been generally suspected and the viewpoints of opposite theorists like Lu Xun have been generally accepted in“the argument about revolutionary literature”.That is because the former\'s monism,straightline thinking and absolutized conclusions are distant to indigenous literary tradition,and the latter\'s dialectical and compromised viewpoints accord with the traditional Chinese conception and values.The literary thoughts in the correspondences between Marx and Engels have been generally accepted in China,because the Spirit of realism reflected by the letters is approximate to the Chinese“Shi-Zhuan(history and biography) tradition”.But there is a difference between western realism and Chinese“Shi-Zhuan tradition”.The former is concerned with the historical objectivity,while the latter concerned with the sincerity of creative subjectivity.This difference results in certain modifications when realism was first accepted and explained by Chinese theorists.And a typical variation of realism was Hu Feng\'s theory which puts special emphasis on the spirit of subjective fight.