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硬质红粒春小麦的产量受每穗小穗数的影响。为了能够进行预测,有必要更好地了解水分和温度对穗部分化、穗和小穗的发育以及小穗数等的影响。用硬红春小麦‘Sinton’研究了上述二因素对穗部发育和每穗小穗数的作用。在评价小穗发育期间温度对每穗小穗数的影响中,所用的资料包括在美国北达科他州曼丹进行的田间实验中的资料。与先在26℃下生长,又在出苗后第4、8或12天生长在18℃下的植株相比,出苗的第4、8或12天以前生长在18℃下,此后又生长在26℃下的植株,达到二棱期和小穗发育终止期的时间稍短一些,小穗发育期短些,每穗小穗数也少些。这一情况说明,从二棱期前6—8天到小穗形成的终止这段时间的温度较高(26℃)是要减少每穗小穗数的。出苗后第12天开始受到水分胁迫的植株到达二棱期所需的时间与对照相同,但小穗发育期较短,每穗小穗较少。本研究还认为,植株从营养生长转入生殖生长是一个连续统一体.回归分析表明,小穗发育终止期的每穗小穗数与小穗发育期间的最高日温的回归关系是显著的负线性相关,R~2=-0.69。利用这种关系,再应用生长度-日(为估测小穗发育时期),就可以提高由每穗小穗数预估籽粒产量的准确性。
Hard red spring wheat yield was affected by spikes per panicle. In order to be able to make predictions, it is necessary to understand better the effects of moisture and temperature on panicle disintegration, spike and spikelet development, and spikelet number. The hard red spring wheat ’Sinton’ was used to study the effects of the above two factors on panicle development and spikelet number per panicle. The information used in assessing the effect of temperature on spikelet number per panicle during spikelet development includes data from field experiments conducted at Mandan, North Dakota, USA. Compared to plants that grew at 26 ° C and again grew at 18 ° C on the 4th, 8th, or 12th days after emergence, the plants grew at 18 ° C on the 4th, 8th or 12th day after emergence and grew at 26 ℃ plants, reaching the dwarf edge and spikelet development termination period slightly shorter, spikelet development period shorter spikelets per panicle less. This situation indicates that the higher temperature (26 ° C) during the period from the 6-8 days prior to the 2-d formation to the termination of spike formation is the reduction in spikelets per panicle. Plants on the 12th day after emergence had the same time to reach the two-ridge stage as the control, but had shorter spikelet development and fewer spikelets per spike. The study also argues that plant transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is a continuum.The regression analysis shows that the regression relationship between the number of spikelets per panicle and the maximum daily temperature during the development of spikelets is significantly negative Linear correlation, R ~ 2 = -0.69. Using this relationship, the accuracy of grain yield per spikelets per spike can then be improved by applying the growth rate-day (to estimate spikelet development).