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目的分析2009-2014年邢台市新型甲型H1N1流感流行情况,为科学预防和控制流感提供依据。方法采集2009年6月-2014年5月流感样病例(ILI)的咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测B型流感病毒核酸,以每年6月至次年5月为监测周期进行统计分析。结果 5个监测周期采集ILI咽拭子标本分别为1 392、513、642、628和1 185份,新型甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性率分别为10.13%、3.31%、0.00%、6.69%和6.50%,阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=85.04,P<0.05)。5个监测周期中有4个新型甲型H1N1流感流行期,分别为2009年9月-2010年2月、2010年12月-2011年2月、2012年12月-2013年3月和2013年12月-2014年2月,高峰期分别为2009年12月、2011年1月、2013年1月、2014年1月,阳性率分别为32.82%、11.76%、26.67%和29.82%,其中2011年6月至2012年5月未流行。0~、5~、15~、25~和60岁~年龄组阳性率分别为5.53%、6.26%、9.01%、5.97%和3.90%,各年龄组之间阳性率有统计学差异(χ2=13.34,P<0.05)。15岁~年龄组阳性率最高,60岁~年龄组阳性率最低。结论新型甲型H1N1流感病毒呈现出季节性流行的特点。除2009年外,邢台市新型甲型H1N1流感流行期一般在冬季,高峰期出现在1月份左右,5岁~和15岁~年龄组为易感人群。为更好防控流感,及时掌握流行趋势,仍需加强监测。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of new type A (H1N1) influenza in Xingtai City from 2009 to 2014 and provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of influenza. Methods Throat swab specimens of influenza-like illness (ILI) from June 2009 to May 2014 were collected. The nucleic acid of influenza B virus was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The monitoring period was from June to May of each year. conduct statistical analysis. Results The ILI throat swab samples were collected from 1 392, 513, 642, 628 and 1 185 samples in 5 monitoring cycles respectively. The positive rates of new influenza A (H1N1) virus were 10.13%, 3.31%, 0.00%, 6.69% and 6.50% , The positive rate difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 85.04, P <0.05). Four outbreaks of influenza A (H1N1) in the five monitoring cycles were from September 2009 to February 2010, December 2010 to February 2011, December 2012 to March 2013 and 2013 respectively From December to February 2014, the positive rates were 32.82%, 11.76%, 26.67% and 29.82% respectively in December 2009, January 2011, January 2013 and January 2014, of which 2011 June to May 2012 is not popular. The positive rates were 5.53%, 6.26%, 9.01%, 5.97% and 3.90% in 0 ~, 5 ~, 15 ~, 25 ~ and 60 years old groups respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive rates among all age groups (χ2 = 13.34, P <0.05). 15-year-old group highest positive rate, 60-year-old group lowest positive rate. Conclusion The new type A H1N1 influenza virus presents seasonal epidemic characteristics. Except for 2009, Xingtai City, the prevalence of new influenza A (H1N1) is generally in winter, the peak appears in January about 5 years old and 15 years old group is a susceptible population. In order to better control the flu and keep abreast of the epidemic, we still need to strengthen monitoring.