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RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是双链RNA (double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)降解特异性靶基因转录出的mRNA,从而抑制靶蛋白表达的现象。自从二十世纪九十年代发现RNAi这一现象以来,RNAi已被广泛应用于研究基因功能、信号转导通路和基因治疗等方面。随着分子生物学、分子遗传学等学科的发展,发现了许多与肿瘤发生、发展和预后密切相关的基因。经过大量临床前期试验表明,针对特异性靶基因的小干扰RNA(short/small interfering RNA,siRNA)治疗胶质瘤是行之有效的,为基因治疗胶质瘤提供了新的思路。
RNA interference (RNAi) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) degradation of specific target gene transcription of mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of the target protein. Since the discovery of RNAi in the 1990s, RNAi has been widely used to study gene function, signal transduction pathways and gene therapy. With the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics, many genes that are closely related to tumorigenesis, development and prognosis have been found. After a large number of preclinical experiments, it is proved that short / small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting specific target gene is effective in treating glioma, which provides a new idea for gene therapy of glioma.