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目的分析2010-2015年陕西省汉中市手足口病流行病学特征,为手足口病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对汉中市2010-2015年手足口病病例进行分析。结果 2010-2015年汉中市共报告手足口病病例23 082例,年均发病率为111.94/10万,重症246例,重症率为1.07%,死亡10例,病死率为0.04%。发病以4-7月为主,平川县年均发病率明显高于山区县(χ~2=234.09,P<0.05)。男性发病高于女性(χ~2=31.05,P<0.05),0~5岁组发病率较高,尤其是1~3岁组散居儿童(χ~2=474.91,P<0.05)。肠道病毒71型(EV71)阳性率逐年下降,但仍是引起重症(74.32%)的主要病原体,其他肠道病毒阳性率逐年增加(χ~2=197.80,P<0.05)。结论汉中市手足口病发病有明显的季节、地区和人群分布特征,应针对这些特征落实综合性防治措施和提倡EV71灭活疫苗的使用,预防和控制手足口病的流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2015, and provide the basis for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the HFMD cases in Hanzhong during 2010-2015. Results A total of 23 082 HFMD cases were reported in Hanzhong from 2010 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 111.94 / 100 000 and 246 severe cases. The critical rate was 1.07% and the death rate was 10%. The case fatality rate was 0.04%. The incidence was mainly in April-July, and the average annual incidence rate in Pingchuan County was significantly higher than that in mountainous counties (χ ~ 2 = 234.09, P <0.05). The incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ ~ 2 = 31.05, P <0.05). The prevalence rate was higher in 0-5 years old group, especially in 1-3 years old group (χ ~ 2 = 474.91, P <0.05). The positive rate of enterovirus 71 (EV71) decreased year by year, but still was the major cause of severe (74.32%). The positive rate of other enteroviruses increased year by year (χ ~ 2 = 197.80, P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Hanzhong City has obvious seasonal, regional and population distribution characteristics. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be implemented according to these characteristics and the use of EV71 inactivated vaccine should be promoted to prevent and control the prevalence of HFMD.