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科学精英跨国流动已成为全球化的一个重要特征,聚焦科学研究领域,从SCI论文产出的角度出发,以全球高被引科学家和战略性新兴产业前沿科学家为研究对象,基于高被引科学家数据库、Web of Science科学引文数据库和Scopus数据库,统计分析这些具有世界影响力的科学家的地理分布和跨国流动情况成为研究的热点。研究发现,这些科学精英大量集中在少数几个发达国家,在全球科学精英正以不同形式向美国集聚或流动的同时,有相当数量的高被引科学家开始流向发展中国家和新兴经济体国家,但基本上是短期流入。最后基于有效地发挥政府和市场2种引进和配置全球科技人才资源的机制,提出从加强海外精英的供需对接、完善集聚海外精英的机制建设以及营造海外精英创新的环境氛围等方面入手,促使全球科学精英向我国集聚和流动。
The transnational mobility of the scientific elite has become an important feature of globalization. It focuses on the field of scientific research. From the perspective of output of the SCI papers, the global top-cited scientists and cutting-edge scientists in the strategic emerging industries are selected as research subjects. Based on the database of highly cited scientists, , The Web of Science citation database and the Scopus database, the statistical analysis of the geographical distribution and transnational mobility of these globally influential scientists has become a research hotspot. The study found that a large number of these scientific elites are concentrated in a few developed countries. While the global scientific elite is gathering or flowing to the United States in different forms, a considerable number of highly cited scientists have begun to flow to developing countries and emerging economies. But basically it’s short-term inflows. Finally, based on the effective implementation of two kinds of government and market mechanisms for the introduction and deployment of global human resources for science and technology, this paper proposes that strengthening the mechanisms for overseas elites to converge supply and demand of overseas elites, and creating an atmosphere for overseas elites to innovate, Scientific elites gather and flow to our country.