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简要介绍玉米不同生育期实行不同调亏等级时对其生态特性及产量的影响。结果表明,玉米苗期及拔节期经受适度水分调亏可促使水分和营养供给向根系倾斜,增强了植株后期的调节和补偿能力,节水效益显著且对产量影响不大。与充分供水处理相比,苗期重度调亏、中度调亏、轻度调亏处理的根冠比分别增大了11.5%,23.14%和6.36%;分别节水14%,11%和7%;产量则分别相差5%,5%和3%。拔节期重度调亏、中度调亏、中轻度调亏及轻度调亏根冠比分别增大了6.25%,24.2%,40.29%及43.00%;分别节水12%,6%,4%及3%;产量则分别相差18%,9%,3%及1%。玉米苗期调亏下限以50%田间持水量为宜,拔节期以中轻度亏水为宜(60%田间持水量),低于50%田间持水量的调亏下限则减产幅度大于节水幅度。抽雄期以后不宜进行调亏。
The effects of different levels of regulated deficit on the ecological characteristics and yield of maize at different growth stages were briefly introduced. The results showed that water stress and nutrient supply could be tilted to the root system at the seedling stage and the jointing stage of maize, and the regulation and compensation ability of the plant was enhanced. The water-saving benefit was obvious and had little effect on the yield. Compared with the full water treatment, the root / shoot ratio of severe deficit reduction, moderately adjusted deficit and mildly reduced deficit increased by 11.5%, 23.14% and 6.36% respectively; the water saving was 14%, 11% and 7% %; Output is a difference of 5%, 5% and 3% respectively. At the jointing stage, the heavy deficit deficit, the moderate deficit reduction, the moderate deficit adjustment and the mildly adjusted deficit root-crown ratio increased by 6.25%, 24.2%, 40.29% and 43.00% respectively, saving 12%, 6%, 4% % And 3% respectively; and the yields are 18%, 9%, 3% and 1% respectively. The lower limit of the deficit threshold of maize seedlings is 50% of the field capacity, moderately deficient (60% of the field capacity) at the jointing stage and less than 50% of the field water holding capacity. Magnitude. After tasseling should not be adjusted deficit.