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目的:调查和分析小儿门诊呼吸系统疾病患病情况调查,为临床防治工作提供初步参考。方法:随机抽取我院儿科门诊诊疗信息系统近1年内的500例学龄前患儿作为A组,500例学龄患儿作为B组。统计患儿常见呼吸系统疾病的种类,以及年龄和季节对发病情况的影响。结果:(1)学龄前患儿的上呼吸道感染和急性支气管炎的发病率显著低于学龄患儿(均P<0.01)。学龄前患儿的肺炎和哮喘的发病率显著高于学龄患儿(均P<0.01)。(2)发病率从高到低依次为:上呼吸道感染,急性支气管炎,肺炎,哮喘。(3)上呼吸道感染和急性支气管炎的发病率在冬春季显著高于夏秋季(均P<0.01),肺炎和哮喘的发病率在冬春季显著低于夏秋季(均P<0.01)。结论:小儿门诊患儿呼吸系统疾病的发病情况随着年龄和季节的变化而呈现出一些较为明显的特点,有必要根据当地实际的环境情况,结合患儿的年龄特征给予针对性的防治。
Objective: To investigate and analyze the prevalence of respiratory diseases in pediatric clinics and provide preliminary information for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: A total of 500 preschool children in our pediatric outpatient information system were enrolled as A group and 500 school-age children as B group. Statistics of children with common respiratory diseases, the types and age and season on the incidence of impact. Results: (1) The incidence of upper respiratory tract infection and acute bronchitis in preschool children was significantly lower than that in school-age children (all P <0.01). The incidence of pneumonia and asthma in preschool children was significantly higher than that in school-age children (all P <0.01). (2) The incidence of high to low order: upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma. (3) The incidence of upper respiratory tract infection and acute bronchitis in winter and spring was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn (all P <0.01). The incidence of pneumonia and asthma in winter and spring was significantly lower than that in summer and autumn (all P <0.01). Conclusion: The incidence of respiratory diseases in pediatric outpatients presents some obvious characteristics with age and season changes. It is necessary to give targeted prevention and treatment according to the local environmental conditions and the age characteristics of children.