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转基因水稻在商业化推广之前需要了解其对非靶标土壤生物的生态风险。通过2010年田间条件下种植转基因水稻HH1、T2A-1、T1C-19及其对应亲本非转基因品种MH63,研究了土壤微生物学性质及线虫数量、群落组成和生态指标的响应。结果表明,与对应亲本相比,转Bt水稻华恢1号(HH1)显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC),3种转Bt水稻对土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)的影响不显著,但在转基因品种之间,T2A-1和T1C-19种植后土壤MBN显著高于HH1处理。相比亲本,不同转Bt水稻品种对土壤线虫数量、营养类群组成、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)均没有显著影响;转Bt水稻T2A-1和HH1结构指数SI均显著增加。研究表明,转Bt水稻对土壤生态系统结构和功能在短期内有显著影响。结合更长期的监测以及Bt毒素的测定将有助于全面评价转Bt水稻对土壤非靶标生物群落的生态风险。
Genetically modified rice needs to understand its ecological risk to non-target soil organisms before commercialization. The response to soil microbiological properties, number of nematodes, community composition and ecological indices were studied by planting transgenic rice HH1, T2A-1 and T1C-19 and their corresponding non-transgenic MH63 under field conditions in 2010. The results showed that compared with the corresponding parents, transgenic Huanghuai 1 (HH1) significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and three kinds of transgenic Bt rice had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) However, the MBN of soil after T2A-1 and T1C-19 cultivation was significantly higher than that of HH1 among the transgenic varieties. Compared with the parental lines, the transgenic Bt rice varieties had no significant effect on the number of nematodes, the composition of nutritional groups and the plantlet parasitism nematode maturity index (PPI). The structural index (SI) of T2A-1 and HH1 in transgenic Bt rice increased significantly. Studies have shown that transgenic Bt rice has a significant effect on soil ecosystem structure and function in the short term. Combined with longer-term monitoring and determination of Bt toxins will help to fully assess the ecological risk of transgenic Bt rice on non-target soil biota.