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氢氧燃料电池和金属空气电池以空气中的氧气为阴极活性物质,具有理论能量密度高、绿色环保等优点,作为电化学能量储存与转化装置和技术,应用潜力巨大[1,2]。发生在这两种电池体系阴极上的氧还原反应存在过电位高、动力学缓慢等问题,是性能的关键制约因素之一,因此需要使用阴极催化剂[3]。铂等贵金属及其合金是目前综合性能最佳的氧还原催化剂,但价格昂贵和资源有限,限制了规模实际应用,开发非贵金属基催化材料成为研究热点[4,5]。3d
Hydrogen fuel cells and metal-air batteries take the oxygen in the air as the cathode active material and have the advantages of high theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness, and have great potential as electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices and technologies [1,2]. Oxygen reduction reactions occurring at the cathode of these two battery systems have the problems of overpotential high, slow kinetics, and the like, and are one of the key constraint factors of performance, and therefore require the use of a cathode catalyst [3]. Platinum and other precious metals and their alloys are the best oxygen reduction catalysts currently available, but their high cost and limited resources have limited the practical application of scale. The development of non-noble metal-based catalytic materials has become a research focus [4,5]. 3d