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为了有效理解滇池非点源入湖过程,选择滇池流域宝象河开展暴雨径流初始冲刷效应的初步研究.2009年雨季,在其干流沿程上、中、下游设置3个断面进行了初期3场暴雨及河道水量、水质同步观测,并提出降雨净冲刷量、负荷净冲刷量以及净冲刷径流平均浓度EMCn的定义与计算方法.结果表明,宝象河TSS、TN、TP、高锰酸盐指数的EMCn、累积曲线M(V)随着河道沿程不透水地面比例和人口规模的增加而提高,TSS、TP负荷贡献率及其M(V)与降雨强度的变化趋势一致,而TN和高锰酸盐指数负荷贡献率则与降雨量表现正相关,其中TN中NO3--N所占比例随着降雨事件次数增加而逐渐降低;此外,提出的EMCn也被证实能有效消除各点位的基流及其负荷影响,相对冲刷径流平均浓度,更为真实反映且能放大沿程断面间、不同降雨事件间的暴雨初始冲刷效应的差异.
In order to effectively understand the process of non-point source into the lake in Dianchi Lake, preliminary study on the initial scouring effect of storm runoff in the Baoxian River in Dianchi Lake was conducted.In the rainy season of 2009, three sections were set up in the middle, Storm and river water, water quality simultaneously observed and proposed the amount of net rainfall erosion, net erosion volume and net scouring runoff average concentration EMCn definition and calculation method.The results show that Po Xiang River TSS, TN, TP, permanganate index The cumulative curve M (V) increased with the increase of the proportion of impervious ground and the population size along the river course. The contribution rate of TSS and TP load and its M (V) trend with the change of rainfall intensity were the same, while TN and high The contribution rate of manganese oxide index load is positively correlated with the rainfall performance, of which the proportion of NO3 - N in TN gradually decreases with the increase of the number of rainfall events. In addition, the proposed EMCn also proves to be effective in eliminating the The base flow and its load influence, and the average concentration of relative scouring runoff, more truly reflect and can amplify the difference of the initial scouring effect between heavy rainfall events along the cross-section and between different rainfall events.