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目的观察成年人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficency virus,HIV)感染者接种肺炎和流感疫苗的效果,为预防机会性感染发生提供科学依据。方法对70例湖南省蓝山县接受抗病毒治疗的CD4+T细胞计数>200个/μl的HIV成年感染者实施免费23价肺炎疫苗(23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines,PPV)和流感疫苗(influenza vaccine)接种,随访1年,观察疫苗的保护率、安全性。同时,利用国家艾滋病抗病毒治疗数据管理系统,选择邻县接受抗病毒治疗的HIV成年感染者153例作为对照。结果70例接种对象无1例发生疫苗相关反应,经1年随访,肺炎样和流感样病征分别发生1例(1.43%)和10例(14.29%)。邻县对照病例153例,同期发生肺炎样和流感样病征分别8例(5.23%)和44例(28.76%)。肺炎样病征因两组患者发生人数较少,未做统计学分析。流感样病征患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.973,P<0.05)。结论加强HIV感染者接种不同疫苗适应证研究,可能有助于通过预防接种降低HIV感染者合并其他疾病的发病和死亡率以及医疗负担。
Objective To observe the effect of pneumonia and influenza vaccination against human immunodeficency virus (HIV) infection and provide a scientific basis for prevention of opportunistic infections. Methods Totally 70 adults with HIV-infected CD4 + T cells count> 200 / μl receiving anti-virus therapy in Lanshan County of Hunan Province were enrolled in this study. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPV) and influenza vaccine Vaccination, followed up for 1 year, observe the vaccine protection rate, safety. At the same time, the use of national AIDS antiviral treatment data management system, select the adjacent counties HIV-infected HIV-infected adult patients as a control 153 cases. Results None of the 70 vaccinated patients developed vaccine-related reactions. One patient (1.43%) and 10 (14.29%) had pneumonia-like and flu-like symptoms after one year of follow-up. There were 153 cases of control cases in adjacent counties. There were 8 cases (5.23%) and 44 cases (28.76%) of pneumonia-like and flu-like symptoms in the same period. Pneumonia-like symptoms due to the two groups of patients with fewer, did not do statistical analysis. The prevalence of influenza-like illness was significantly different (χ2 = 6.973, P <0.05). Conclusion Enhancing HIV-1 vaccination studies with different vaccines may help reduce the incidence and mortality of HIV-infected individuals associated with other diseases through vaccination, as well as the medical burden.