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在对甲苯磺酸的催化下,庚醛、癸醛分别与3-氯-1,2-丙二醇通过缩合反应制备了氯代缩醛2-烷基-4-氯甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷;再分别与亚硫酸钠进行磺化反应,合成了缩醛型可分解表面活性剂(2-烷基-1,3-二氧杂环-4)甲烷-1-磺酸钠盐,磺化产率分别为87.9%和87.3%;所得中间体和产物的结构经IR、1HNMR表征。对缩合反应的物料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等进行了优化,结果表明:n(庚醛)∶n(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.2,对甲苯磺酸0.4g,反应时间20h为较佳合成条件,产率达66.51%～68.70%。测试了可分解表面活性剂Ⅱa、Ⅱb在盐酸溶液中的分解率,结果显示:分别在1.5、3h,分解率就可达100%。
Under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heptanal and decanal were respectively reacted with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol by condensation reaction to produce the chloroacetal 2-alkyl-4- chloromethyl-1,3-bis Oxalacyclopentane respectively; and respectively sulfonating with sodium sulfite to synthesize acetal type decomposable surfactant (2-alkyl-1,3-dioxole-4) methane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt , The yields of sulfonation were 87.9% and 87.3%, respectively. The structures of the obtained intermediates and products were characterized by IR and 1HNMR. The molar ratio of the condensation reaction, the amount of catalyst and the reaction time were optimized. The results showed that n (heptanal): n (3-chloro-1,2-propanediol) = 1: 1.2, p- , Reaction time 20h is the best synthesis conditions, the yield of 66.51% ~ 68.70%. The decomposition rates of decomposable surfactants Ⅱa and Ⅱb in hydrochloric acid solution were tested. The results showed that the decomposing rates could reach 100% at 1.5 and 3 h, respectively.