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阅读古诗词有不少障碍,由于社会的发展变化,不仅语言内部的要素——语言、词汇、语法等,会有所变化;而且语言所反映的外部事物——风俗习惯、典章制度、地理名称等,也会发生重大的变革。正如近代学者郑樵所说:“古人之言,所以难明者,非为书之理意难明也,实为书之事物难明也。”因此,后人阅读古诗词,除了自己的知识积累和人生阅历外,还得依仗前人的有关注释。所以,注释务必要做到全面和正确,不仅要让人能够知其然,而且还要让人能够知其所以然。否则就会造成“郢书燕说”之谬误。
There are many obstacles to reading ancient poetry. Due to the development of society, not only the internal elements of language - language, vocabulary and grammar, will change. And the external things reflected by language - customs, rules and regulations, geographical names And so on, there will also be major changes. As the modern scholar Zheng Qiao said: “The saying of the ancients, so difficult to understand those who are not the book of ideas difficult to understand also, the real thing is hard to understand the book also.” Therefore, future generations to read ancient poetry, in addition to their own Of knowledge accumulation and life experience, have to rely on the predecessors of the relevant notes. Therefore, the annotation must be comprehensive and correct, not only to enable people to know it, but also make people know why they are. Otherwise, it will cause “Yan Shu said ” fallacy.