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目的了解江阴市12~18岁组青少年超重、肥胖的现状,探讨超重、肥胖发生的相关因素,为肥胖的防治提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法选取江阴市4 946名12~18岁组初、高中生,对其进行超重、肥胖的流行病学调查,并利用多因素logistic回归探讨超重、肥胖的相关因素。结果江阴市12~18岁组青少年超重和肥胖的检出率分别为13.49%和6.21%,其中男生为17.19%和8.36%、女生为9.69%和4.01%。男生的超重率(χ2=59.61,P<0.05)、肥胖率(χ2=40.16,P<0.05)均明显高于女生,各年龄组超重检出率(χ2=15.78,P<0.05)、肥胖检出率(χ2=13.62,P<0.05)差异均有统计学意义。城区和乡镇青少年肥胖检出率分别为6.97%和5.36%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.53,P<0.05)。12~18岁组青少年中男生超重的风险是女生的1.77倍(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.15~2.72),父母均肥胖的青少年超重的风险是父母无肥胖的2.23倍(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.26~3.93),饮食习惯中荤菜为主的青少年超重的风险是荤素搭配的1.38倍(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.03~1.85),而12~18岁组青少年年龄每增长1岁超重的风险降低0.21倍(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.63~0.98),每周体育活动量>7 h的青少年超重的风险比每周体育活动量>1 h的降低0.24倍(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.67~0.88)。结论青少年肥胖的预防需要多方面的配合,从小培养青少年的健康意识、倡导合理的膳食结构、养成经常进行体育锻炼的好习惯,从而有效预防青少年肥胖的发生。
Objective To understand the status of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 12 to 18 in Jiangyin City and to explore the related factors of overweight and obesity and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4946 primary and high school students of 12 to 18 years old in Jiangyin City to conduct epidemiological investigation of overweight and obesity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the correlation between overweight and obesity . Results The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 13.49% and 6.21% respectively among 12 to 18-year-old adolescents in Jiangyin City, of which 17.19% and 8.36% were for boys and 9.69% and 4.01% for girls. The prevalence of overweight in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (χ2 = 59.61, P <0.05), and obesity (χ2 = 40.16, P <0.05) There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 13.62, P <0.05). The detection rates of obesity in urban area and township were 6.97% and 5.36%, respectively, with statistical significance (χ2 = 5.53, P <0.05). Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were 1.77 times more likely to be overweight than boys (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.72). The risk of being overweight was 2.23 times more common in obese parents than in fathers (OR = 2.23, (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.85), while the risk of overweight of meat-based adolescents in eating habits was 1.38 times that of meat and vegetables (OR = 1.38,95% CI: 1.03-1.85) (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.98). The risk of overweight in adolescents with weekly physical activity> 7 h was 0.24 times lower than that of weekly physical activity> 1 h OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88). Conclusion Adolescent obesity prevention needs to be coordinated with many aspects. From an early age, children’s awareness of health promotion, advocating a reasonable dietary structure and cultivating good habits of regular physical exercise, so as to prevent adolescent obesity effectively.