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寨卡病毒在巴西和美国等国家大规模爆发流行,而且是目前最大的一次爆发流行。寨卡病毒可引起非特异性的发热。然而,一系列合并神经系统并发症的病例报道如小头畸形和吉兰-巴雷综合征等显示与寨卡病毒感染有关,提示寨卡病毒是嗜神经性病毒。寨卡病毒感染后引发的神经系统疾病相继被报道,如脑膜脑炎、脊髓炎和视觉损害等。既往众多报道提示寨卡病毒感染和神经系统症状之间关系密切,但需对此次爆发流行进行长期的纵向研究和建立动物或活体外实验模型研究,才能更好的帮助临床医生了解该疾病的发病机制。
Zika virus outbreaks are widespread in countries such as Brazil and the United States, and are by far the largest outbreak. Zika virus can cause non-specific fever. However, a series of cases of complications associated with nervous system such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome showed that Zika virus infection, suggesting that Zika virus is a neurotropic virus. Nervous system diseases triggered by Zika virus infection have been reported, such as meningoencephalitis, myelitis and visual impairment. Many previous reports suggest that there is a close relationship between Zika virus infection and neurological symptoms, but long-term longitudinal studies and establishment of animal or in-vitro experimental models are needed to help clinicians better understand the disease Pathogenesis.