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国家投资是指国家预算内固定资产投资。它由中央财政预算投资和地方统筹投资组成。为了加强国家投资管理,提高投资效益,1979年国家投资的运行制度由无偿拨款改为贷款,1988年国家又推出“基金制”来取代“拨改贷”制度。基金制是否反映了国家投资的本质,如何认识国家投资运行制度的一系列改革,如何加强国家投资的宏观调控能力,本文试对这些问题进行探讨。
State investment refers to the fixed budget investment in the national budget. It consists of central budget investment and local co-investment. In order to strengthen state investment management and increase investment returns, the operating system of state investment was changed from non-funded grants to loans in 1979, and in 1988 the state introduced a “fund system” to replace the “reallocation of loans” system. Whether the fund system reflects the essence of state investment, how to understand a series of reforms in the national investment operation system, and how to strengthen the macro-control ability of state investment, this paper tries to discuss these issues.