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依据近30年来关于莱州湾环境典型污染物、浮游植物和渔业资源的调查资料,报道了莱州湾水环境质量、浮游植物和渔业资源的变迁规律,并简单分析了三者之间的关系;结果表明:(1)从上世纪80年代初起至本世纪初,莱州湾环境中无机氮平均含量经历了由低到高的变化,到2009年无机氮含量已超过劣四类海水水质标准;元机磷平均含量呈总体降低趋势,氮磷摩尔比在所考察的大部分时段内高于Redfield阈值(16);(2)1980年代末以来,磷是限制莱州湾浮游植物生长的限制性营养盐,莱州湾浮游植物的种类在减少,群落结构趋于简单化;(3)莱州湾渔获物种数年均减少1.5种;鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类年均减少0.7种;单位捕捞努力量渔获量年均降低10 kg/h;近海捕捞量逐年减少,仅潍坊市,近海捕捞量从1989年的18.7万t减少到2007年的1.7万t;(4)限制浮游植物生长的营养盐从氮转变为磷,莱州湾浮游植物群落已由硅藻占绝对优势演变为硅藻和甲藻共同占优势;(5)与其他因素相比,氮磷比与莱州湾近海捕捞量存在更显著的相关性;氮磷比及COD含量与渔获物种数存在显著相关性;说明海水氮磷比是决定莱州湾渔业资源量的关键因素,而资源种数受有机物污染影响较大。
Based on the survey data of typical pollutants, phytoplankton and fishery resources in the Laizhou Bay in the past 30 years, the changes of water environmental quality, phytoplankton and fishery resources in Laizhou Bay are reported and the relationships among the three are briefly analyzed. Results The results showed that: (1) From the early 1980s to the beginning of this century, the average content of inorganic nitrogen in the environment of Laizhou Bay has experienced a change from low to high, and the inorganic nitrogen content has exceeded the quality standards of the inferior four types of seawater by 2009; Phosphorus averaged the overall decreasing trend, and the N / P molar ratio was above the Redfield threshold (16) for most of the investigated periods. (2) Since the late 1980s, phosphorus was the limiting nutrient that limits phytoplankton growth in Laizhou Bay , The species of phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay decreased and the community structure tended to be simplified. (3) The number of catch species in Laizhou Bay decreased by 1.5 year-on-year; the number of fish eggs and larvae decreased by 0.7 species per year; The annual catch decreased year by year. In the case of Weifang alone, the catch in the open sea decreased from 187,000 t in 1989 to 17,000 t in 2007. (4) Nutrients that limit the growth of phytoplankton from Nitrogen transforms into phosphorus, phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay (5) Compared with other factors, N / P ratio has a more significant correlation with the offshore catch of Laizhou Bay; N / P ratio and COD content There was a significant correlation between the number of species and the number of catches. The results showed that the ratio of N to P in seawater was the key factor to determine the amount of fishery resources in Laizhou Bay. However, the number of resource species was greatly affected by organic pollution.