比喻还是比较——对’94一道高考题的看法

• 作 者: 张勉之
• 机 构: 长沙雅礼中学 特级教师
• 出 处: 中学文科参考资料
• 发表日期: 1994年10期
• 关键词: 语文试卷 高考题 修辞运用 出题者 共产主义战士 语言表现 未尝不可

1994年全国普通高校统考语文试卷第7题是这样的: 下列句子在修辞运用上与其他三句不同的一句是 A.这几天跟过节一样热闹。 B.那里的蔬菜跟水果一样贵。 C.他的脸色跟纸一样白。 D.这里的老鼠跟猫一样大。 揣测出题者的意图,是要考生区分哪是比喻,哪是比较。而比喻和比较有时是很难分清楚的。“这几天跟过节一样热闹”,“这里的老鼠跟猫一样大”,究竟是比喻还是比较,就会有不同看法。

In 1994, the seventh item in the national examination papers for common colleges and universities was as follows: The following sentence is different from other three sentences in the use of rhetoric. A. These days are as lively as the festival. B. The vegetables there are as expensive as fruits. C. His face is as white as paper. D. The mice here are as big as cats. The intent of the tester is to ask candidates to distinguish between metaphors and comparisons. The metaphor and comparison are sometimes difficult to distinguish. “These days are as lively as the festival.” “The mouse here is as big as a cat.” If it is a metaphor or a comparison, there will be different opinions.