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经皮肾石摘除(Percutaneous removal of calculi简称PTR),近年来已取得了重大进展。主要原因在于发展了碎石手段,使大于肾造瘘道的结石,能从经皮途径去除。目前碎石方式有:钻孔碎石;液电效应碎石;激光碎石;微爆炸碎石;体外冲击波碎石以及超声碎石等。这些碎石措施,如钻孔、微爆炸因其损伤性,激光因其复杂性等均未能推广。液电效应从用于膀胱结石起现已较多用于上尿路结石,除安全性略逊于超声外,其工作探针消耗甚多,殊有不便。体外冲击波为非接触式的透皮碎石措施,最大优点无组织损伤性通道,但设备复杂,价值昂贵,影响普及。至于溶石疗法限于特定的结石成
Percutaneous removal of calculi (PTR) has made great strides in recent years. The main reason is that the development of gravel means that stones larger than the renal fistula can be removed from the percutaneous route. Current gravel ways are: drilling gravel; liquid-electric effect gravel; laser gravel; micro-blast gravel; extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ultrasonic gravel. These gravel measures, such as drilling and micro-explosion because of their damage, laser can not be promoted due to its complexity. Hydrostatic effect from the bladder stones used to appear more for upper urinary tract stones, in addition to the safety of slightly less than ultrasound, the working probe consumes many, each inconvenient. Extracorporeal shock wave is a non-contact percutaneous lithotripsy, the biggest advantage of non-tissue damage channel, but the device is complex, expensive, affecting the popularity. As for the dissolution of stone therapy is limited to a specific stone