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在常用的灭鼠药中,磷化锌使用最早。它的适用面广,可有效地杀灭大多数鼠种,至今用量仍然很大。磷化锌为黑色或灰黑色沉重粉末,有较强的类似大蒜的气味,不溶于水和醇,稍溶于碱和油类,遇酸分解,放出剧毒磷化氢。磷化锌进入鼠胃后,主要依靠它和胃酸作用产生的磷化氢,使鼠中毒。随着灭鼠运动的开展,人畜误食磷化锌造成中毒的事例时有发生,因此,确保人、畜安全是磷化锌使用中必须引起注意的重要问题之一。
Among the commonly used rodenticides, zinc phosphide is the earliest used. Its wide range of applications, can effectively kill most of the rat species, so far the amount used. Zinc phosphide is a black or gray-black heavy powder with a strong odor similar to garlic, insoluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in alkali and oils, decomposes in case of acid, and releases toxic phosphine. After the zinc phosphide enters the rat stomach, it mainly relies on the phosphine produced by the action of the acid and stomach acid to poison the mice. With the development of anti-rodent exercise, the poisoning caused by the ingestion of zinc phosphide by human beings and animals has taken place from time to time. Therefore, ensuring human and livestock safety is one of the important issues that must be paid attention to when using zinc phosphide.