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修船企业是一个技术密集、劳动力密集的产业,具有作业人员流动性大、机械化程度不高、作业环境艰苦、劳动强度高等特点。船舶在修理时通常进行板材换新、船壳油漆、机械设备等修理,修船企业为了完成修理需求通常培养金属切割、打磨、喷砂除锈、油漆喷涂等多种作业人员来完成任务。由于职业病防治工作是一项专业性很强的工作,且许多用人单位工作经验不足,致使投入大量的人力、物力,成效却不明显。新修改的《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》自2011年12月31日颁布实施,笔者利用寒假期间,通过在修船企业的调查了解,对修船企业职业病危害及防治提出改进建议。
Ship repair business is a technology-intensive, labor-intensive industries, with the mobility of workers, the degree of mechanization is not high, difficult operating environment, high labor intensity and so on. Ship repairs are usually carried out plate renewal, hull paint, mechanical equipment and other repairs, ship repair companies usually need to cultivate metal cutting, grinding, sand blasting, paint spraying and other operations personnel to complete the task. As occupational disease prevention and control work is a highly specialized job and many employers lack of working experience, resulting in a large amount of manpower and material resources, the effect is not obvious. The newly revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases was promulgated and implemented on December 31, 2011. During the winter vacation, the author made suggestions on improvement of occupational hazards and prevention and treatment of ship-repairing enterprises through investigation and study in ship-repairing enterprises.