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目的了解青海省藏区寄宿制中小学学生营养知识和行为现状,为开展中小学学生营养教育和健康促进工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对青海省贵南和海晏2个藏族自治县4所寄宿制中小学校的2 532名学生进行问卷调查。结果了解营养素缺乏引起的后果、早餐要合理搭配和预防缺钙方法的学生<20%;知晓优质蛋白来源、营养对生长发育的益处、吃蔬菜和水果的好处、油炸食品的危害、预防贫血食品的学生<40%;初中生大部分问题的知晓率均高于小学生(均P<0.05);营养知识主要来自于广播、电视856人(33.81%),来自教师777人(30.69%);喜欢高盐食物1 865人(73.66%),不食用动物肝脏1 668人(65.88%)。结论青海省藏区寄宿制学校中小学学生营养知识知晓率低,饮食行为存在误区,应加强饮食营养知识的宣传教育。
Objective To understand the nutrition knowledge and behavior of boarding primary and middle school students in Tibetan area of Qinghai Province and to provide basis for carrying out nutrition education and health promotion work among primary and secondary school students. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 532 students from 4 boarding primary and secondary schools in 2 Tibetan Autonomous County of Guinan and Haiyan in Qinghai Province. Results Understand the consequences of lack of nutrients, breakfast should be reasonable with and prevention of calcium deficiency of students <20%; knowledge of high-quality protein sources, the benefits of nutrition and growth and development, the benefits of eating vegetables and fruits, fried food hazards, prevention of anemia The awareness rate of most junior high school students was higher than that of primary school students (P <0.05). Nutritional knowledge mainly came from radio and television with 856 (33.81%) and 777 (30.69%) teachers. 1865 (73.66%) like high-salt foods, and 1 668 (65.88%) did not eat animal livers. Conclusion The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge among primary and middle school students in boarding schools in Tibetan area of Qinghai Province is low and their eating behavior is misunderstood. Publicity and education of dietary nutrition knowledge should be strengthened.