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我国东南面临大海,有着长达万里的海岸线。早在两千多年以前,我国的航海事业就很发达。《淮南子·齐俗训》中说,“夫乘舟而惑者不知东西,见斗、极则寤矣”。说明在茫茫大海上航行,观察星象以保持正确航向的重要性。为了辨别方向,指南针、牵星术等在航海中得到广泛应用。为了计算时间和航程,计时仪器也在船舶上得到应用。据文献记载,中国古代船舶中使用的计时仪器,主要有水时计(刻漏)、火时计两大类。此外还有沙漏。本文主要讨论水时计及泉州出土宋船上的椰壳等有关问题。
Southeast China faces the sea, has a long coastline. As early as two thousand years ago, China’s maritime undertaking was developed. “Huainanzi Qi vulgar training,” said, “husband and boat people do not know what to do with the boat, see the bucket, it is very 寤 carry on.” Explain the importance of navigating the vast ocean and observing astrology to maintain proper heading. In order to identify the direction, compass, astronomical surgery, etc. are widely used in navigation. Timing instruments are also used on ships to calculate time and range. According to the literature, the time-keeping instruments used in ancient Chinese ships mainly include water meters (car leaks) and fire meters. There are also hourglasses. This article mainly discusses the water meter and Quanzhou unearthed Song ship coconut shell and other related issues.