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最近几年来,计算机硬件的发展,已经陆续制造出一些小型、高效能、功率损耗小的基本元件,而且正广泛地运用到新的微处理机、计算机中,影响到工业、科学技术的很多领域。本文概述近年来计算机硬件的进展,希望能对研制微计算机和物探仪器的同志有所帮助。本文前半部分论述基本的半导体集成电路技术及其相应的逻辑元件,重点在于比较它们的特性,以便在制作物探仪器或微处理机中合理选用。后半部分尽力简短地介绍大量商用的主要功能元件,我们希望借助于这些初步的介绍,使读者不难通过各种手册,了解近几年来计算机硬件的基本进展。最后讨论我国物探仪器的研制方向。
In recent years, the development of computer hardware has successively produced some basic components with small size, high efficiency and small power loss, and is being widely applied to new microprocessors and computers, affecting many fields of industry and science and technology . This article outlines the progress of computer hardware in recent years and hopes to help comrades who develop microcomputers and geophysical instruments. The first half of this article discusses the basic semiconductor integrated circuit technology and its corresponding logic components, the emphasis is to compare their characteristics for the production of geophysical instruments or microprocessors in the rational selection. The latter part of the effort to introduce a large number of commercial briefing the main functional components, we hope that with these initial introduction, so that readers can easily through a variety of manuals to understand the basic progress of computer hardware in recent years. Finally, discuss the development of geophysical instruments in China.