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马克思恩格斯的早期道德哲学具有理性主义和理想主义特征。中期在历史唯物主义基础上阐发了道德哲学的基本理论。马克思的《资本论》在揭示历史发展规律和资本主义经济发展规律的过程中,作为社会结构和运动的要素进行了道德社会学的研究。马克思恩格斯的道德理想是建立没有阶级剥削和阶级对立的“每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”的和谐社会。恩格斯在晚年所阐述的马克思和他共同建立的道德哲学体系,是他们所理想的自由及其秩序的道德哲学体系。
Marx and Engels’ early moral philosophy is characterized by rationalism and idealism. In the middle of history materialism based on the analysis of the basic theory of moral philosophy. In the process of revealing the law of historical development and the economic development of capitalism, Marx’s “theory of capital” conducted a study of moral sociology as an element of social structure and movement. The moral ideal of Marx and Engels is to establish a harmonious society without class exploitation and class antagonism. “Everyone’s free development is the condition for the free development of all people.” The system of moral philosophy that Marx and Engels jointly elaborated by Engels in his later years is the moral philosophy system of their ideal freedom and order.