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目的探讨来宾市少数民族贫困地区5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,为预防儿童死亡、降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供依据。方法对2010-2014年来宾市5岁以下儿童死亡数据资料进行回顾性分析,采用SPSS 15.0软件包统计新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率及5岁以下儿童死亡原因分类。结果 2010-2014年全市5岁以下儿童死亡1 543例,平均死亡率为9.35‰(1 543/164 981)。新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降,新生儿死亡率下降幅度最大,2014年比2010年下降了51.94%;婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别从2010年的9.48‰(281/29 629)和11.85‰(351/29 629)下降到2014年的6.12‰(220/35 924)和8.35‰(300/35 924);下降幅度分别为35.44%和29.54%。死因分类前3位为早产、出生窒息和肺炎。结论降低围产因素的死亡率,提高产前检查质量、产前诊断准确率和助产技术,加强指导家长对新生儿喂养及护理是降低儿童死亡率的有效措施。
Objective To investigate the main causes of death among children under 5 years of age in minority areas in Laibin City, and to provide basis for preventing child deaths and reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. Methods The data of death under 5 years old in Laibin City from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The SPSS 15.0 software package was used to count the neonatal and infant mortality rates and the causes of death of children under 5 years of age. Results From 2010 to 2014, 1 543 children died under the age of 5 in the city, with an average mortality rate of 9.35 ‰ (1 543/164 981). Newborns, infants and children under 5 years of age have been declining year by year with the highest rate of neonatal mortality declining by 51.94% in 2014 compared with 2010. Infant and under-5 mortality rates dropped from 9.48 ‰ in 2010 281/29 629) and 11.85 ‰ (351/29 629) to 6.12 ‰ (220/35 924) and 8.35 ‰ (300/35 924) respectively in 2014; the decreases were 35.44% and 29.54% respectively. The top three causes of death were premature birth, birth asphyxia and pneumonia. CONCLUSION: To reduce the mortality of perinatal factors, improve the quality of prenatal examination, the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and midwifery techniques, it is an effective measure to guide parents to feed and care newborns to reduce child mortality.