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目的了解影响早产儿喂养的各种因素,造成喂养不耐受的相关原因,探讨开展早期微量胃肠喂养问题,为解决早产儿特别是极低体重儿喂养问题提供依据。方法以2010年8月—2011年12月在我院住院的早产儿作为研究对象。共163例,排除了新生儿窒息、颅内出血、吸入性肺炎,NRDS,呼吸衰竭、畸形等疾患。随机分为二组,早期微量胃肠喂养83例为观察组,常规喂养80例为对照组,二组患儿均符合早产儿诊断标准,二组患儿胎龄,出生体重及一般情况比较差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性。结果观察组喂养不耐受的发生例数较对照组少,各分项比较均P<0.01;二组在治疗10d内体重恢复到出生体重时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组达到足量胃肠喂养时间、静脉营养时间和平均住院时间均较对照组明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论早期微量胃肠喂养有助于降低早产儿喂养不耐受发生,缩短足量胃肠喂养时间、静脉营养时间,减少住院天数,提高基层医院的喂养成功率,增强患者的整体营养健康状况,改善生长和预后,是一种安全有效,易于掌握的适宜喂养方式,对提高基层医院早产儿救治水平具有重要意义。
Objective To understand the various factors that affect the feeding of premature infants, the causes of feeding intolerance, to explore the issue of early trace gastrointestinal feeding, in order to solve the problem of premature infants, especially very low birth weight infants to provide the basis. Methods Preterm infants hospitalized in our hospital from August 2010 to December 2011 were selected as research objects. A total of 163 cases, ruled out neonatal asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, aspiration pneumonia, NRDS, respiratory failure, deformity and other diseases. Randomly divided into two groups, early trace gastrointestinal feeding 83 cases for the observation group, conventional feeding 80 cases as the control group, two groups of children are in line with the diagnostic criteria for premature children, two groups of children gestational age, birth weight and general differences No statistical significance, comparable. Results The incidence of feeding intolerance in the observation group was less than that in the control group (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in weight recovery to birth weight within 10 days (P> 0.05). The observation group reached adequate gastrointestinal feeding time, the time of intravenous nutrition and the average length of hospital stay were significantly shorter than the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion Early micro-gastrointestinal feeding can help reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance in preterm infants, shorten the time of adequate gastrointestinal feeding, the time of intravenous nutrition, reduce the number of days of hospitalization, improve the success rate of feeding in grass-roots hospitals, enhance the overall nutrition and health of patients, Improving growth and prognosis is a safe, effective and easy-to-grasp appropriate feeding method, which is of great significance to improving the treatment of premature infants in primary hospitals.