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径流小区观测技术是水土保持监测评价的基础。研发适用于径流小区尺度的径流观测装备可有效减少人工监测的随机性,降低监测人员的工作强度。通过人工模拟不同强度的产流汇水条件,对“径流泥沙含量实时测量装置”开展径流测量性能的专项测试,结果表明:该装置在测试环境条件下的径流测量相对误差范围为-4.33%~-24.01%,稳定时长范围为55~130 s。偏相关分析发现:测量稳定时长与径流的含沙量、流量分别呈显著正相关关系和显著负相关关系(P<0.05);测量精度与含沙量和流量的相关系数均呈负相关关系,但含沙量和流量对测量精度的影响有限(α=0.05)。通过回归分析,得到该装置径流量修正模型;经验证,该模型可使平均相对误差由修正前的11.53%降低至6.80%,平均测量数据稳定时间由修正前的96 s降低至80 s。研究分析提出,通过对上述设备增设波浪过滤消减装置、增大滤波管直径等措施可进一步降低测量误差,提高工作稳定性。基于上述测试结果,本研究认为通过利用修正模型,测试设备的径流测量效果在测试流量范围内较为理想,即该设备在降雨强度范围为3.60~66.96 mm/h的产流工作条件下较为适宜。
Runoff cell observation technology is the foundation of soil and water conservation monitoring and evaluation. Research and development of runoff observation equipment suitable for runoff plot size can effectively reduce the randomness of manual monitoring and reduce the working intensity of the monitoring staff. Through artificial simulation of runoff and runoff conditions with different intensities, a special test of runoff measurement performance was carried out on a real-time measuring device for runoff and sediment concentration. The results show that the relative error range of runoff measurement under the test environment conditions is - 4.33% ~ -24.01%, stable duration range of 55 ~ 130 s. Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation and a significant negative correlation between the stable sediment length and runoff sediment concentration and flow rate (P <0.05). The accuracy of correlation was negatively correlated with sediment concentration and flow rate, However, the effect of sediment concentration and flow on measurement accuracy is limited (α = 0.05). Through regression analysis, the model of runoff correction was obtained. The model can reduce the average relative error from 11.53% before correction to 6.80% and the average measurement data from 96 seconds before correction to 80 seconds. Research and analysis suggest that measures such as adding a wave filter reduction device to the above equipment and increasing the diameter of the filter tube can further reduce the measurement error and improve the work stability. Based on the above test results, this study suggests that by using the modified model, the runoff measurement effect of the test equipment is ideal within the test flow range, that is, the device is suitable for runoff conditions with a rainfall intensity range of 3.60 to 66.96 mm / h.