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3,4,9,10-苝四甲酰二亚胺及其衍生物(PDIs)因其光、热、化学稳定性好,荧光量子效率高的优点,已经在有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、有机太阳能电池(OPV)、染料激光和有机电致发光器件(OLED)等方面使用,但其自身结构容易π-π堆积,导致水溶性差,限制了其在生物领域的进一步运用。因此,对PDIs进行修饰,获得可以用于生物体的水溶性PDIs显得尤为重要。本文综述了对PDIs进行水溶性修饰的各种方法:使用阴离子取代基、阳离子取代基和非离子取代基等在PDIs酰亚胺的氮原子位置或者湾位置进行修饰,利用取代基的水溶性、静电排斥作用或者空间位阻效应来实现PDIs的水溶性。同时,进一步阐述了水溶性PDIs在新型荧光探针、光声成像、化学治疗和光动态治疗等方面的应用。
3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide and its derivatives (PDIs) have been widely used in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes Organic solar cells (OPVs), dye lasers and organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs). However, their structure is prone to π-π stacking, leading to poor water solubility, which limits their further application in the biological field. Therefore, modification of PDIs to obtain water-soluble PDIs that can be used in organisms is particularly important. In this paper, we reviewed various methods of water-soluble modification of PDIs: the use of anionic substituents, cationic substituents and non-ionic substituents in the PDIs imide nitrogen position or bay position modification, the use of water-soluble substituents, Electrostatic repulsion or steric hindrance effect to achieve water-soluble PDIs. At the same time, the application of water-soluble PDIs in new fluorescent probes, photoacoustic imaging, chemotherapeutics and photodynamic therapy was further elaborated.