Efficient fully blade-coated perovskite solar cells in air with nanometer-thick bathocuproine buffer

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Fully printed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated in air with all constituent layers,except for electrodes,deposited by the blade coating technique.The PSCs incorporated,for the first time,a nanometer-thick printed bathocuproine (BCP) hole blocking buffer using blade coating and deposited at relative humidity up to 50%.The PSCs with a p-i-n structure (glass/indium tin oxide(ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH3NH3PbI3/6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM)/BCP/Ag) delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9% on an active area of 0.5 cm2 when measured under standard test conditions.The PSCs with a blade coated BCP delivered performance of 10% and 63% higher (in relative terms) than those incorporating a spin coated BCP or without any BCP film,respectively.The atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that blade coated films were more homogeneous and acted also as a surface planarizer leading to a reduction of roughness which improved BCP/Ag interface Iowering charge recombination.The demonstration of 15% efficient devices with all constituent layers,including nenometer-thick BCP (~ 10 nm),deposited by blade coating in air,demonstrates a route for industrialization of this technology.
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