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审美主义特指中国20世纪80年代形成的一种具有广泛影响的文学思潮,主要包括审美意识形态、审美体验和生活审美化等三种理论形态,其共同特点是对审美的纯净化理解以及由此导致的古典主义的延宕和滞留。审美意识形态理论强调文学研究的美学视点,由于美学在这种理论中主要关涉审美心理特别是情感体验,因而自发地包含着一种明显的向内反转的趋向性;审美体验理论是审美意识形态理论内趋性的进一步发展,这种形态将审美意识形态与政治等其他意识形态分离开来,强调审美绝缘于外部世界的空灵性和偏重于内心体验的情感性,具有强烈的唯美倾向;文化研究的生活转向以对文学的纯美解读为前提,而其面向生活的审美化理论又带有唯美主义的历史烙印,因而可以视为审美主义思潮的一种特殊形态。
Aestheticism refers specifically to a kind of literary trend of thought that has been widely influenced by China in the 1980s. It mainly includes three kinds of theoretical forms: aesthetic ideology, aesthetic experience and aesthetic appreciation of life. Its common characteristic is the pure understanding of the aesthetic and the This led to the delay and retention of classicism. Aesthetic ideology theory emphasizes aesthetic point of view of literature research. Since aesthetics mainly relates to aesthetic psychology, especially affective experience in this theory, spontaneously contains an obvious trend of inward inversion; aesthetic experience theory is aesthetic consciousness This form further separates aesthetic ideology from other ideologies such as politics. It emphasizes the empty spirit of the aesthetic world and the sentimentality that emphasizes the inner experience, with a strong aesthetic tendency. The life of cultural studies turned to the premise of the pure reading of literature, and its life-oriented aesthetic theory with the historical imprint of aestheticism could therefore be regarded as a special form of aestheticism.